(ii) ASTM A 53; (iii) ASTM A 106; (iv) ASTM A 135; (v) ASTM A 333; and  (vi) ASTM A 381. (e) Pipeline design shall include loads for both construction and operating phases. (f) Each pipeline or segment of a pipeline (other than station piping such as compressor stations, manifolds, and R&M stations) shall be designed to accommodate the passage of instrumented internal inspection devices. (g) Each mechanical fitting shall be designed for at least the Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure of the relevant pipeline section. (h) Each welded branch connection made to pipeline sections in the form of a single connection, or in a header or manifold as a series of connections, shall be designed to ensure that the strength of the pipeline section is not reduced, having regard to the stresses in the remaining pipe wall due to the opening in the pipe or header, the shear stresses produced by the pressure acting on the area of the branch opening, and any external loadings due to thermal movement, weight, and vibration. (i) Except for branch connections and assemblies of standard pipe and fittings joined by circumferential welds, the design pressure of each component fabricated by welding, whose strength cannot be determined, shall be established in accordance with ASME BPVC Section VIII. (j) Each prefabricated unit that uses plate and longitudinal seams shall be designed in accordance with ASME BPVC Section VIII, except for the following: (A) regularly manufactured butt-welded fittings; (B) pipe that has been produced and tested under the specifications listed in paragraph 4.2(d) above; and  (C) partial assemblies such as split rings or collars. (k) Field fabricated bull plugs and swages shall not be used on pipeline sections. (l) Except for flat closures designed in accordance with ASME BPVC Section VIII, flat closures and fish tails may not be used on pipeline sections. (m) Each extruded outlet shall be suitable for the anticipated service conditions and shall be at least equal to the design strength of the pipe and other fittings in the pipeline section to which it is to be attached. (n) All pipeline sections shall be designed with enough flexibility to prevent thermal expansion or contraction from causing excessive stresses in the pipe or components, excessive bending or unusual loads at joints, or undesirable forces or moments at points of connection to equipment, or at anchorage or guide points. (o) Each pipeline or segment of a pipeline which is not buried in the ground shall be designed so that it is raised and maintained above ground on permanent supports. (p) In relation to all supports and anchors: (i) each pipeline segment and its associated equipment shall have enough anchors or supports to: (A) prevent under strain on connected equipment; (B) resist longitudinal forces caused by a bend or offset in the pipe; and  (C) prevent or damp out excessive vibration; (ii) each exposed pipeline segment shall have enough supports or anchors to protect the exposed pipe joints from the maximum end force caused by internal pressure and any additional forces caused by temperature variation or by the weight of the pipe and its contents; (iii) each support or anchor on an exposed pipeline segment shall be made of durable, non-combustible material and shall be designed and installed as follows: (A) free expansion and contraction of the pipeline segment between supports or anchors may not be restricted; (B) provision shall be made for the service conditions involved; and  (C) movement of the pipeline segment may not cause disengagement of the support equipment; (iv) each support on an exposed pipeline segment operated at a stress level of 50 percent or more of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength shall comply with the following: (A) a structural support may not be welded directly to the carrier pipe; (B) a support may be welded to a sleeve that completely encircles the pipe; and  (C) if an encircling member is welded to a pipe, and weld shall be continuous and shall cover the entire circumference; (v) each underground pipeline segment that is connected to a relatively unyielding line or other fixed object shall have enough flexibility to provide for possible movement, or it shall have an anchor that will limit the movement of the pipeline segment; and  (vi) except for offshore portions of the pipeline section, each underground pipeline that is being connected to new branches shall have a firm foundation for both the header and the branch to prevent detrimental lateral and vertical movement. (q) Mitred joints shall not be used. Design and specification of compressor stations 4.3 The design and specification of compressor stations shall be as follows: (a) The design factor for compressor station piping shall be 0.50. (b) Each compressor shall comply with API 617. (c) Each turbine shall comply with API 616. (d) Each main compressor building of a compressor station shall be located on property under the control of the Operator. Each shall be far enough away from adjacent property to minimize the possibility of fire being communicated to the compressor building from structures on adjacent property or from the compressor building to adjacent property. There shall be enough open space around the main compressor building to allow the free movement of fire-fighting equipment. (e) Each operating floor of a main compressor building shall have at least two separated and unobstructed exists located so as to provide a means of egress and an unobstructed passage to a place of safety. Each door latch on an exit shall be of a type, which can be readily opened from the inside without a key. Each swinging door located in an exterior wall shall be mounted to swing outward. (f) Each fence around a compressor station shall have a minimum height of 2 metres and have at least two gates located so as to provide a means of egress to a place of safety, or have other facilities affording a means of exit from the area. Where applicable the main entrance shall be wide enough to permit access for firefighting equipment. Each gate located within 60 meters of any compressor plant building shall not be locked when occupied and shall be operable from the inside without a key. (g) Where entrained vapours in gas may liquefy under the anticipated pressure and temperature conditions, the compressor shall be protected against the introduction of those liquids in quantities that could cause damage to the Pipeline System. Each liquid separator used to remove entrained liquids at a compressor station shall: (i) have a manually operable means of removing these liquids; (ii) where slugs of liquid could be carried into the compressor, have either: (A) automatic liquid removal facilities; (B) an automatic compressor shutdown device; or  (C) a high liquid level alarm; (iii) be manufactured in accordance with ASME BPVC Section VIII; and  (iv) have facilities for the disposal of liquids in accordance with local requirements. (h) Each compressor station shall have an automatic emergency shutdown system that meets the following requirements: (i) it shall be separate from the compressor station process control system; (ii) it shall be able to block gas out of the station and depressurize the station piping; (iii) it shall discharge gas from the blowdown piping at a location where the gas will not create a hazard, based on cold stack dispersion analysis; and  (iv) it shall be designed and installed to operate automatically: (A) when the gas pressure in any part of the Pipeline System which is pressured by that compressor station equals the Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure of that part of the Pipeline System plus 10 percent; (B) when there is a confirmed fire detection; (C) when the concentration of gas in air reaches 60 percent or more of the lower explosive limit in an area that is designated unclassified or safe in terms of Hazardous Area Classification provided that electrical equipment certified for use in areas having a Hazardous Area Classification equal to or exceeding the Hazardous Area Classification of the area in which it is used, shall not be considered as a source of ignition for the purpose of these Regulations; or  (D) when liquid slugs might be carried into the compressors; (v) it shall provide means for the shutdown of a gas compressor station equipment and non-essential electrical facilities in the vicinity of gas headers or in the compressor building, except that: (A) electrical circuits that supply emergency lighting required to assist station personnel in evacuating the compressor building and the area in the vicinity of the gas headers shall remain energized; (B) electrical circuits needed to protect equipment from damage may remain energized; and  (C) Vital Equipment shall remain operations; and  (vi) it shall be operable from at least two locations each of which is located: (A) near the exit gates, if the station is fenced, or near emergency exits, if the station is not fenced; and  (B) not more than 150 meters from the limits of the compressor station. (i) Each compressor station shall have pressure relied or any other suitable protective devices of sufficient capacity and sensitivity to ensure that the Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure of the compressor station piping and equipment is not exceeded by more than 10 percent. (j) Each line that exhausts gas from the pressure relief valves of a compressor station shall extend to a location where the gas may be discharged without hazard. (k) Each compressor shall be equipped with the following safety equipment: (i) fire detection and protection equipment; (ii) an automatic device to shut down the unit before the speed of either the prime mover (other than an electrical induction or synchronous motor) or the driven unit exceeds a maximum safe speed; (iii) a shutdown or alarm device that operates in the event of inadequate cooling or lubrication of the unit safety equipment; (iv) a means for shutting off the fuel to any gas engine and venting the engine distribution manifold; and  (v) vent slots or holes in the baffles of each compartment of a muffler for a gas engine to prevent gas from being trapped in the muffler. (l) Each compressor station building shall be ventilated to ensure that the accumulation of gas in rooms, sumps, attics, pits or other enclosed places does not endanger employees. All enclosed workplaces in each compressor station building shall have fire and gas detection and protection facilities. (m) Each compressor station shall be designed such that the maximum sound pressure level limits for facility areas are: (i) absolute limit - 115 dBA; (ii) general plant, work areas - 85 dBA; (iii) offices, control rooms - 55 dBA; and  (iv) at the facility property limit - 50 dBA. Design and specification of R&M stations 4.4 The design and specification of the R&M stations shall be as follows: (a) The design factor for R&M station piping shall be 0.50; (b) The R&M station and equipment shall be designed in accordance with the standards for measurement set out in Regulations 5.41 to 5.45; (c) Each pipeline segment in an R&M station that is connected to a gas source so that the Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure of that pipeline segment could be exceeded as the result of pressure control failure (or any other type of failure) shall have pressure relieving or pressure limiting devices that meet the following requirements: (i) each pressure relief or pressure limiting device shall: (A) be constructed of materials such that the operation of the device will not be impaired by corrosion; (B) have valves and valve seats that are designed not to stick in a position that will make the device inoperative; (C) be designed and installed so that it can be readily operated to determine if the valve is free, can be tested to determine the pressure at which it will operate and can be tested for leakage when in the closed position; (D) have support made of non-combustible material; (E) have discharge stacks, vents, or outlet ports designed to prevent accumulation of liquids and located where gas can be discharged into the atmosphere without undue hazard; (F) be designed and installed so that the size of the openings, pipe, and fittings located between the system to be protected and the pressure relieving device, and the size of the vent line, are adequate to prevent hammering of the valve and to prevent impairment of relief capacity; (G) be designed and installed to prevent any single incident such as an explosion in a vault or damage by a vehicle from affecting the operation of both the overpressure protective device and the regulator; and  (H) be designed to prevent unauthorized operation of any stop or isolating valve that will make the pressure relief valve or pressure limiting device inoperative; (ii) each pressure relief station or pressure limiting station installed to protect a pipeline or a facility shall have enough capacity, and shall be set to operate, to ensure that: (A) in a low-pressure system, the pressure will not cause the unsafe operation of any connected and properly adjusted gas utilization equipment; and  (B) the pressure does not exceed the lower of (i) the Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure of that pipeline segment plus 10 percent and (ii) the pressure that produces a hoop stress of 75 per cent of the Specified Minimum Yield Strength of that pipeline segment; (iii) when more than one pressure regulating or compressor station feeds into a pipeline segment, relief valves or other protective devices shall be installed at each station to ensure that the failure of the largest capacity regulator or compressor, or any single run of regulators or compressors in that station, will not impose pressures on any part of the pipeline segment in excess of the Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure of that pipeline segment; and  (iv) relief valves or other pressure limiting devices shall be installed at or near each R&M station in a low pressure system, with a capacity to limit the maximum pressure in the main to a pressure that will not exceed the safe operating pressure for any connected and properly adjusted gas utilization equipment. (d) Each R&M station shall be designed such that the maximum sound pressure level limits for facility areas are: (i) absolute limit - 115 dBA; (ii) general plant, work areas - 85 dBA; (iii) offices, control rooms - 55 dBA; and  (iv) at the facility property limit - 50 dBA. (e) Each R&M station shall be designed with facilities so that it is well protected against lightning strike. Prohibited Materials 4.5 The following materials shall not be used in components of pipeline sections, compressor stations or R&M stations which carry hydrocarbons: (a) cast or ductile iron materials;  (b) copper, brass or alloy materials; (c) asbestos; (d) polychlorinated biphenyls; and  (e) thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic materials. Construction 4.6 The Pipeline System shall be constructed so as to comply with the design and specification requirements of these Regulations. 4.7 The procedures and specifications for construction of the Pipeline System or any part thereof shall be as follows: (a) The construction shall meet the specifications of ASME B31.8 and shall be carried out in accordance with existing environment laws. (b) All pipe shall be transported in accordance with the following Standards: (i) API RP 5L1; and  (ii) API RP 5LW. (c) The weldability of steel pipe materials shall be tested in accordance with API 1104. (d) Where a type of construction is specified for pipeline in the proximity of main roads and railroads and their mode of crossing is specified, the pipeline shall be constructed in accordance with those specifications. (e) The minimum depth of burial of the pipeline shall be as follows: (i) onshore, 0.9 metres;  (ii) navigable rivers, 1.5 metres; (iii) roads and railroad crossings, 1.5 metres below top of road or railroad and 1.2 metres below the bottom of drainage ditch or as required by the local authority or rail operator; (iv) in rocky areas, 0.6 metres; and  (v) offshore, 0.9 meter in water depths up to 8 metres. (f) There shall be a minimum clearance of 0.25 metres between the pipeline and any other underground structure or other pipeline. (g) The inspection by the Operator of the pipeline construction materials and its appurtenances, welding, ditching, stringing and the general installation shall be carried out in accordance with ASME B31.8. (h) All buildings shall be made of non-combustible materials and shall conform to the requirements of these Regulations and local buildings codes. (i) Railway and highway crossings shall be constructed in accordance with API RP 1102. 4.8 The Operator shall maintain records detailing any material developments relating to the construction of the Pipeline System, including material technical problems, material interruptions of construction or material labour problems and a description of any steps being taken to address such developments. 4.9 The Operator shall also maintain records of the following: (a) total number of girth welds; (b) number of welds non-destructively tested including the number rejected and disposition of the rejected welds; (c) amount, location, size and type of pipe installed; (d) the location of each buried utility crossing; (e) crossings of public roads, railroads, waterways, and foreign pipelines; (f) the location of each overhead crossing; (g) the location of each valve and corrosion test station; and  (h) the location of cathodic protection equipment. Inspection and testing 4.10 The inspection and testing of pipeline sections, compressor stations and R&M stations shall be carried out as follows: (a) Other than for emergency repairs, the Operator shall, on completion of the construction of pipeline sections, give the Authority not less than seven (7) days’ notice of its intention to commence testing of the pipeline. (b) The quality of welding shall be inspected visually and by non-destructive testing. Non-destructive testing may consist of radiographic examination, ultra-sonic testing, magnetic particle testing, or other acceptable methods. (c) The following minimum number of field butt welds shall be selected: (i) 100% of welds in Location Class 1; (ii) 100% of welds in Location Class 2; (iii) 100% of welds in Location Class 3; (iv) 100% of welds in Location Class 4; (v) 100% of the welds in offshore pipeline segments, hydrocarbon piping in compressor and R&M stations, and at major or navigable river crossings, major highway crossings, and railroad crossings (and all tie-in welds not subjected to a pressure proof test shall be examined); and  (vi) 10% of welds in non-hydrocarbon piping. (d) Each weld so selected shall be examined over its entire circumference or else the equivalent length of welds shall be examined, if the Operator chooses to examine only a part of the circumference of each. (e) All inspected welds which do not meet the standards of API 1104 shall be repaired and re-inspected. (f) When radiographic inspection is employed, a procedure meeting the requirements of API 1104 shall be followed and the inspection shall be performed by a radiographic inspector qualified to ASNT SNT-TC-1A Level II certification or ISO 9712 Level II certification. (g) Welding shall be performed by a welder who has been qualified in accordance with API 1104 or ASME BPVC Section IX and using a qualified welding procedure that will produce welds meeting the requirements of this Regulation. The quality of the test welds used to qualify the procedure shall be determined by destructive testing. (h) Each welding procedure shall be recorded in detail, including the results of the qualifying tests. This record shall be retained whenever the procedure is used. (i) A welder whose qualification is based on non-destructive testing may not weld compressor and R&M station piping and components or offshore pipelines. (j) No welder may weld with a particular welding process unless, within the preceding 6 calender months, he has engaged in welding with that process. (k) A qualified welder may not weld on pipe unless: (i) within the preceding 6 calendar months the welder has had one weld tested and found acceptable under API 1104; or  (ii) within the preceding 15 calendar months the welder has re-qualified under paragraph 4.10(g) above. (l) All hydrostatic testing shall be conducted as follows: (i) Pressure tests shall be conducted in such manner as to ensure the protection of life, property and the environment. (ii) Any in-line pressure vessel or a pre-fabricated manifold on pipeline sections shall be tested according to the manufacturer's specifications. (iii) The pressure and temperature recording instruments to be used for testing shall be check calibrated within 1 week of the test. Calibration shall be: (A) traceable to a recognized International Standard; (B) carried out prior to the test; and (C) carried out immediately after the test to verify that no drift has occurred during the test. (iv) The accuracy of the pressure recording instrument used for the test shall be within manufacturer's specifications but shall have an accuracy equal to or better than +2% of full scale. (v) The chart record of the test shall be continuous and legible and the test results, records of pre-test and post-test calibrations, and any remedial action taken as a result of this test shall be submitted to the Authority within thirty calendar days following their occurrence. (vi) Except with the permission of the Authority, the duration of pressure tests: