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The Business Entry topic measures the process of registration and start of operations of new limited liability companies
(LLCs) across three different dimensions, here referred to as pillars. The first pillar assesses the quality of
regulations for business entry, covering de jure features
of a regulatory framework that are necessary for the
adoption of good practices for business start—ups. The
second pillar measures the availability of digital public
services and transparency of information for business
entry. The third pillar measures the time and cost
required to register new domestic and foreign firms.
Each pillar is divided into categories—defined by common
features that inform the grouping into a particular
category—and each category is further divided into
subcategories.
Each subcategory has several indicators,
each of which may, in turn, have several components.
Relevant points are assigned to each indicator and
subsequently aggregated to obtain the number of points
for each subcategory, category, and pillar.
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The Business Location topic measures three different
options purchasing, leasing, and building that are
available to entrepreneurs to choose the adequate
location to set up their company, across three different
dimensions, here referred to as pillars. The first pillar
assesses the quality of regulations pertaining to property
transfer, building, and environmental permitting, covering
de jure features of a regulatory framework that are
necessary for immovable property lease, property
ownership, urban planning, and environmental licenses.
The second pillar assesses the quality of public services
and transparency of information in the provision of
property transfer, building, and environmental permitting.
The third pillar measures the operational efficiency of
establishing a business location in practice. The
interaction between these three pillars ensures a
comprehensive evaluation of business location, balancing
regulatory quality, service transparency, and operational
efficiency to create an optimal environment for business
establishment. The three pillars consider both the firm's
flexibility and the broader social benefits. They ensure a
more balanced approach accounting for private sector
needs while safeguarding public interests, such as
environmental sustainability and public safety.
Each pillar is divided into categories—defined by common
features that inform the grouping into a particular
category—and each category is further divided into
subcategories. Each subcategory has several indicators,
each of which may, in turn, have several components.
Relevant points are assigned to each indicator and
subsequently aggregated to obtain the number of points
for each subcategory, category, and pillar.
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The Utility Services topic measures the effectiveness of
regulatory frameworks, and the quality of governance and
transparency of service delivery mechanisms, as well as
the operational efficiency of providing electricity, water,
and internet services. Under the first pillar the Utility
Services topic assesses the effectiveness of regulation
pertaining to electricity, water, and internet services,
covering de jure features of a regulatory framework that
are necessary for the efficient deployment of connections,
reliable service, safety, and environmental sustainability
of provision and use of utility services. The second pillar of
the topic measures the quality of governance and
transparency in the provision of utility services, thus
assessing the de facto provision of utility services. The
third pillar measures the time required to obtain
electricity, water, and internet connections, as well as the
reliability of utility service supply.
Each pillar is divided into categories—defined by common
features that inform the grouping into a particular
category—and each category is further divided into
subcategories. Each subcategory has several indicators,
each of which may, in turn, have several components.
Relevant points are assigned to each indicator and
subsequently aggregated to obtain the number of points
for each subcategory, category, and pillar.
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The Labor topic measures good practices in employment
regulations and public services from the perspective of
both enterprises and employees across three different
dimensions, here referred to as pillars. The first pillar
assesses the quality of labor regulations pertaining to
workers' conditions and employment restrictions and
costs, covering de jure features of the regulatory
framework that are necessary for the functioning of the
labor market and to provide employers and employees
with their obligations and relevant safeguards. The
second pillar measures the adequacy of public services for
labor, assessing the de facto provision of social protection
and the institutional framework on which the labor
market and the enforcement of labor regulations depend.
The third pillar measures the operational efficiency of
labor regulations and public services in practice, assessing
employment restrictions and cost, as well as public
services.
Each pillar is divided into categories—defined by common
features that inform the grouping into a particular
category—and each category is further divided into
subcategories. Each subcategory has several indicators,
each of which may, in turn, have several components.
Relevant points are assigned to each indicator and
subsequently aggregated to obtain the number of points
for each subcategory, category, and pillar.
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The Financial Services topic measures four areas—
Commercial Lending; Secured Transactions; e—Payments;
and Credit Information—across three different
dimensions, here referred to as pillars. The first pillar
assesses the effectiveness of regulation pertaining to
commercial lending, secured transactions, and e—
payments, covering the de jure features of regulatory
frameworks. The second pillar measures the accessibility
of information in credit infrastructure by evaluating the
operation of credit bureaus and registries and the
operation of collateral registries. Thus, the second pillar
assesses de facto and some de jure aspects of financial
services. The third pillar measures the operational
efficiency of (i) obtaining a loan; (ii) registering a security
interest as well as the timeliness of credit information
sharing; and (iii) e—payments usage and their efficiency.
Each pillar is divided into categories—defined by common
features that inform the grouping into a particular
category—and each category is further divided into
subcategories.
Each subcategory has several indicators,
each of which may, in turn, have several components.
Relevant points are assigned to each indicator and
subsequently aggregated to obtain the number of points
for each subcategory, category, and pillar.
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The International Trade topic measures different aspects
of international trade—trade in goods, trade in services,
and digital trade—across three different dimensions, here
referred to as pillars. The first pillar assesses the quality of
regulations pertaining to international trade, covering de
jure features of a regulatory framework that are
necessary to establish a nondiscriminatory, transparent,
predictable, and safe environment to harness the
potential of international trade. The second pillar assesses
digital and physical infrastructure concerning
international trade and the quality of border
management, thus assessing de facto provision of public
services for international trade facilitation. The third pillar
measures the time and cost to comply with export and
import requirements, participation in cross—border
digital trade, as well as the perceived major obstacles for
international trade.
Each pillar is divided into categories—defined by common
features that inform the grouping into a particular
category—and each category is further divided into
subcategories. Each subcategory has several indicators,
each of which may, in turn, have several components.
Relevant points are assigned to each indicator and
subsequently aggregated to obtain the number of points
for each subcategory, category, and pillar.
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The Taxation topic measures the quality of regulation,
administration, and practical implementation of tax
systems across the three different dimensions, referred to
as pillars. The first pillar assesses the quality of regulation
related to taxation, encompassing both the legal
framework (de jure) and the implementation (de facto) of
the legal requirements. The second pillar measures the
quality of tax administration by assessing the public
services related to tax matters. The third pillar evaluates
the practical effectiveness of the implemented tax
regulations and public services
Each pillar is divided into categories—defined by common
features that inform the grouping into a particular
category—and each category is further divided into
subcategories. Each subcategory has several indicators,
each of which may, in turn, have several components.
Relevant points are assigned to each indicator and
subsequently aggregated to obtain the number of points
for each subcategory, category, and pillar.
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The Dispute Resolution topic measures efficiency and
quality of the resolution of commercial disputes—those
arising in the business context between firms—across
three different dimensions, referred to as pillars. The first
pillar assesses the adequacy of legislation pertaining to
both court processes and alternative dispute resolution
(ADR), covering de jure features that are necessary for the
efficient processing of cases, facilitated resolution of cross
—border claims, creating alternative venues for settling
disputes, and ensuring trust in relevant institutions. The
second pillar focuses on judicial organizational structure,
courts’ digitization and transparency, as well as ADR—
related services, thus capturing the de facto provision of
public services. The third pillar measures the reliability of
dispute resolution, the time and cost required to resolve a
dispute, as well as the time and cost associated with the
recognition and enforcement of decisions.
Each pillar is divided into categories—defined by common
features that inform the grouping into a particular
category—and each category is further divided into
subcategories. Each subcategory has several indicators,
each of which may, in turn, have several components.
Relevant points are assigned to each indicator and
subsequently aggregated to obtain the number of points
for each subcategory, category, and pillar.